Makkah's Climate
Makkah sits in an arid valley in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, not far from the Red Sea but ringed by mountains, giving it a hot desert climate for most of the year. Summers (May–September) are scorching, with daytime temperatures typically 40–45°C and sometimes above 48°C under dry, glaring sun, while winters (December–February) are warmer and more comfortable, around 25–30°C by day with cool nights. Rainfall is very low and erratic, concentrated in the late-year months and occasionally triggering sudden flash floods. There is no true cold season.