Kirkuk's Climate
Kirkuk lies in northern Iraq, inland in the transition zone between the Mesopotamian plain and the Zagros foothills, giving it a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). Summers (June–September) are extremely hot and dry, with daytime highs of 40–45°C under clear skies, almost no rain and occasional dust winds, while winters (December–February) are cooler and wetter, around 12–16°C by day and dropping to 3–6°C at night, forming the main rainy season with scattered showers. Spring and autumn are short, pleasant and the mildest times of the year.